INDORE, INDIA, 17th August 2023 - The three key steps to overthrow any accepted scientific theory are: reproduce the successes of the presently accepted theory; explain what it cannot; and make new predictions that differ and can be tested.
Mr. Subhajit Waugh, a scientist (physicist) working at the Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology (RRCAT), has confidently asserted that all three key steps to overthrow reigning theories in physics and cosmology are satisfied.
It may be noted that presently the two greatest theories in physics are in bitter conflict, while the currently accepted ‘Standard Model of Cosmology’ faces serious challenges. Most scientists are convinced that nature simply could not run with such contradictions, and without an underlying unity. Some scientists have even prophesized that a major scientific revolution is imminent and a scientific paradigm shift is inevitable, leading to a ‘theory of everything’ unifying physics and cosmology.
Mr. Waugh’s recent article had claimed that the ‘expanding (hyper) balloon’ model of the universe passes the first two of the three key steps with flying colors (EIN Presswire article 648067906). The third step is about making new predictions that differ and is testable. It is the most crucial step for widespread acceptance of any challenger theory.
Mr. Subhajit Waugh, a scientist (physicist) working at the Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology (RRCAT), has confidently asserted that all three key steps to overthrow reigning theories in physics and cosmology are satisfied.
It may be noted that presently the two greatest theories in physics are in bitter conflict, while the currently accepted ‘Standard Model of Cosmology’ faces serious challenges. Most scientists are convinced that nature simply could not run with such contradictions, and without an underlying unity. Some scientists have even prophesized that a major scientific revolution is imminent and a scientific paradigm shift is inevitable, leading to a ‘theory of everything’ unifying physics and cosmology.
Mr. Waugh’s recent article had claimed that the ‘expanding (hyper) balloon’ model of the universe passes the first two of the three key steps with flying colors (EIN Presswire article 648067906). The third step is about making new predictions that differ and is testable. It is the most crucial step for widespread acceptance of any challenger theory.
Mr. Waugh has pinned his predictions on upcoming Euclid Telescope's data. Euclid telescope is the perfect instrument to either validate his model/theory, or prove it as wrong. If proven correct, it can supersede both General Relativity and Quantum Mechanics, the two pillars of modern physics, in addition to replacing the Standard Model of Cosmology (SMC). He has predicted that the biggest shock from Euclid data will be that the universe is positively curved (which necessarily means that the universe is closed and finite), which can turn science on its head. Everything known about the shape and size of the universe, and how it works, might need to be revised.
Mr. Waugh has made some testable and falsifiable predictions:
A) Euclid telescope will show that the universe is not flat as presently believed, but positively curved. A circle drawn on curved surface (of a sphere) has shorter circumference compared to a circle of same radius drawn on a flat surface. For example, a dome-shaped orange peel has a shorter edge than a pancake of the same size. Forcibly trying to flatten it will split it at the edges. The equivalent of a circle in 3D is a sphere, and the circumference is replaced by a spherical surface. Euclid telescope can see up to 10 billion light years (b.l.y.) away. A sphere of 10 b.l.y. can be partitioned into spherical bands (say 7-8 b.l.y., 8-9 b.l.y. etc.) The number of galaxies falling in each band can be counted.
The predictions of Waugh’s model of a curved universe differ from the flat model of SMC (which predicts that the number of galaxies should be proportional to the square of radius). Subhajit’s model predicts the number to deviate (become lesser) from SMC prediction with increasing radius. This crucial prediction is based on a hallowed/sacrosanct principle that the distribution of galaxies on a large enough scale of the universe is uniform. Euclid telescope need not wait for six years to complete all scans. Even large-angled conical sections (along three perpendicular directions) can settle the debate over the shape and size of the universe, once and for all.
B) Another prediction of Mr. Subhajit’s model which differ greatly from all accepted models is that Normal Baryonic Matter (NBM), which makes up stars and planets, is causing the expansion of the universe. A cosmological headache for scientists for over a century has been “What is counteracting the force of gravity in the universe?” Gravity is an attractive force, so, over time, gravity will pull the universe closer. Strangely, the universe has expanded since the Big Bang. Mr. Waugh’s explanation is that mass (NBM) has a natural tendency to move away from the true center of the Universe. Imagine a balloon (our universe) which is dotted (each dot represents a galaxy). If each dot (NBM) tries to move away from the true center of the balloon, then NBM (lying within the wall of our balloon universe) plays the same role as compressed air inside an expanding balloon.
This concept has already received strong support with recent claim ‘Black Holes is the source of Dark Energy’. Gravity plays completely opposite roles on local scale (attractive force) and universal scale (repulsive force). A galaxy forms the surface of Flamm’s paraboloid and super-massive black hole (lying at the center of the galaxy) is its tip. The paraboloid (caused due to local stretching of the balloon wall by a dot) points away/outwards from the true center of the balloon Universe (where the Big Bang happened).
Mr. Waugh claims that Dark Energy is an illusion, while Dark Matter is not required. He predicts that Euclid telescope will find highly correlated and intimate relation between Dark Energy and NBM, as well as between Dark Matter and NBM, and hence conclude that NBM is the root cause of both. NBM plays a much bigger role.
A) Euclid telescope will show that the universe is not flat as presently believed, but positively curved. A circle drawn on curved surface (of a sphere) has shorter circumference compared to a circle of same radius drawn on a flat surface. For example, a dome-shaped orange peel has a shorter edge than a pancake of the same size. Forcibly trying to flatten it will split it at the edges. The equivalent of a circle in 3D is a sphere, and the circumference is replaced by a spherical surface. Euclid telescope can see up to 10 billion light years (b.l.y.) away. A sphere of 10 b.l.y. can be partitioned into spherical bands (say 7-8 b.l.y., 8-9 b.l.y. etc.) The number of galaxies falling in each band can be counted.
The predictions of Waugh’s model of a curved universe differ from the flat model of SMC (which predicts that the number of galaxies should be proportional to the square of radius). Subhajit’s model predicts the number to deviate (become lesser) from SMC prediction with increasing radius. This crucial prediction is based on a hallowed/sacrosanct principle that the distribution of galaxies on a large enough scale of the universe is uniform. Euclid telescope need not wait for six years to complete all scans. Even large-angled conical sections (along three perpendicular directions) can settle the debate over the shape and size of the universe, once and for all.
B) Another prediction of Mr. Subhajit’s model which differ greatly from all accepted models is that Normal Baryonic Matter (NBM), which makes up stars and planets, is causing the expansion of the universe. A cosmological headache for scientists for over a century has been “What is counteracting the force of gravity in the universe?” Gravity is an attractive force, so, over time, gravity will pull the universe closer. Strangely, the universe has expanded since the Big Bang. Mr. Waugh’s explanation is that mass (NBM) has a natural tendency to move away from the true center of the Universe. Imagine a balloon (our universe) which is dotted (each dot represents a galaxy). If each dot (NBM) tries to move away from the true center of the balloon, then NBM (lying within the wall of our balloon universe) plays the same role as compressed air inside an expanding balloon.
This concept has already received strong support with recent claim ‘Black Holes is the source of Dark Energy’. Gravity plays completely opposite roles on local scale (attractive force) and universal scale (repulsive force). A galaxy forms the surface of Flamm’s paraboloid and super-massive black hole (lying at the center of the galaxy) is its tip. The paraboloid (caused due to local stretching of the balloon wall by a dot) points away/outwards from the true center of the balloon Universe (where the Big Bang happened).
Mr. Waugh claims that Dark Energy is an illusion, while Dark Matter is not required. He predicts that Euclid telescope will find highly correlated and intimate relation between Dark Energy and NBM, as well as between Dark Matter and NBM, and hence conclude that NBM is the root cause of both. NBM plays a much bigger role.
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